Abstract

This study investigates how parenting styles influence moral development in Chinese children aged 6–12, focusing on honesty, kindness, fairness, empathy, and moral reasoning. Using the Moral Development Questionnaire (MDQ) and Baumrind Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSQ), data from 377 Beijing suburban parents were analyzed. Results showed authoritative parenting (45%) had the strongest positive impact (β = 0.67, p < 0.01), fostering higher moral reasoning and value internalization. Authoritarian parenting (30%) negatively affected moral development (β = -0.42, p < 0.05), while permissive parenting (20%) showed a weak negative link (β = -0.23, p < 0.05). Uninvolved parenting (5%) had the most detrimental effect (β = -0.78, p < 0.01). The findings emphasize that authoritative parenting—combining high expectations, emotional support, and autonomy—best promotes moral growth. Parents should avoid overly controlling or neglectful approaches. The study suggests family-based interventions and educational programs should encourage authoritative practices. Future research should explore broader demographics and age groups to generalize findings.